Livingstone travel - Zambia, Southern African

Overview of Livingstone

History & Cultural Influence

Livingstone, founded in 1905, became the capital of Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), replacing Old Drift as the key colonial settlement. The city was named after the famous Scottish explorer David Livingstone, one of the first Europeans to extensively explore the region in the mid-19th century. The construction of the Cape to Cairo Railway was pivotal to Livingstone's early development, connecting the city to major trade routes from Cape Town to Cairo and establishing it as a crucial transportation hub. David Livingstone’s legacy lives on, as he was the first European to witness Victoria Falls, which he named after Queen Victoria, bringing global attention to the region. The city's colonial-era architecture reflects its rich history, while its evolution into a major tourist destination has shaped its diverse cultural landscape, blending local heritage with international influences.

Interaction with The Locals

Livingstone has grown and urbanized over the years, creating a vibrant community. The dominant ethnic groups include the Tonga, Baleya, and Toka people, each with deep historical roots in the region. While Tonga and Lozi are commonly spoken, English is widely understood, especially in areas frequented by tourists.

The people of Livingstone are known for their friendly and hospitable nature. As a major gateway to Victoria Falls, the city thrives on tourism, and locals take pride in sharing their culture and traditions. Visitors often find opportunities for cultural exchange, whether through exploring markets, attending festivals, or learning about local crafts and cuisine. Respecting local customs, such as greetings and appropriate dress, helps foster positive interactions. Given the city's economic reliance on tourism, residents are appreciative of the benefits travelers bring and are eager to offer a welcoming experience.

Top attractions in Livingstone

Livingstone offers unforgettable experiences with top attractions like Victoria Falls, one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World, and Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park, where visitors can enjoy wildlife safaris and scenic views of the falls. For adventure seekers, activities like bungee jumping off the Victoria Falls Bridge or a dip in the Devil's Pool on Livingstone Island are must-try highlights.

Victoria Falls

Location: Approximately 10 km from Livingstone city center.

One of the world’s most awe-inspiring natural wonders, stretching 1.7 km wide with a dramatic drop of over 100 meters. The powerful cascade creates a mesmerizing display of mist and rainbows that visitors can admire from multiple viewpoints. For those seeking adventure, guided tours and helicopter flights offer unique perspectives of the falls' beauty.

Livingstone Island

Location: Situated on the Zambezi River, just upstream from Victoria Falls.

Livingstone Island is a historic spot, marking the location where David Livingstone first laid eyes on the falls. Guided tours to the island allow visitors to experience breathtaking views and, during the low water season, swim in the famous Devil's Pool, a natural rock pool at the edge of the falls. Many tours also include meals, making it a memorable and thrilling adventure.

Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park

Location: Adjacent to Victoria Falls, near Livingstone.

Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park offers more than just stunning views of the falls—it’s a prime location for wildlife encounters. Visitors can spot elephants, giraffes, zebras, and a variety of bird species while exploring the park. Walking safaris and guided tours provide an up-close experience of the park’s rich flora and fauna, making it a must for nature enthusiasts.

Livingstone Museum

Location: In Livingstone city center, along Museum Road.

As the largest museum in Zambia, the Livingstone Museum offers a deep dive into the country’s history and cultural heritage. Exhibits cover everything from artifacts of the colonial era to David Livingstone’s explorations, as well as displays highlighting the traditions of local tribes and the region’s natural wildlife. It’s an ideal stop for visitors looking to connect with Zambia’s past and present.

Victoria Falls Bridge

Location: Spanning the Zambezi River, connecting Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Completed in 1905, the Victoria Falls Bridge is a striking piece of architecture and a gateway between two nations. Visitors can walk across the bridge for stunning views of the falls and the deep gorge below. Thrill-seekers can also enjoy activities like bungee jumping or zip-lining from the bridge, adding an extra element of excitement to the experience.

Maramba Market

Location: Near Livingstone town center.

Maramba Market is a bustling hub of local life, where visitors can dive into Zambian culture. The market offers a wide range of goods, from fresh produce and handmade crafts to traditional foods. It’s a perfect place to interact with locals, purchase unique souvenirs, and experience the everyday vibrancy of Livingstone.

The Big Tree

Location: Near the entrance to Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park.

An iconic natural landmark, The Big Tree is a massive baobab believed to be over a thousand years old. This ancient tree is a popular stop for photos and a reminder of the region’s deep natural history. Its impressive size and beauty make it a must-see for visitors exploring the area around Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park.

Must-Try Dishes in Livingstone

When visiting Livingstone, be sure to try nshima, a traditional Zambian dish made from ground maize, often served with flavorful relishes like meat, vegetables, or fish. For a taste of local favorites, kapenta, crispy fried small fish from the Zambezi River, and the rich vegetable stew ifisashi, made with groundnuts and leafy greens, are must-try dishes that offer an authentic taste of the region.

Nshima

A true staple of Zambian cuisine, nshima is a thick, hearty porridge made from ground maize. It’s served at nearly every meal, paired with an array of delicious relishes like meats, vegetables, or fish. Whether you’re enjoying it with family or at a local restaurant, nshima is filling, comforting, and a must-try for anyone looking to experience Zambia’s authentic flavors.

Kapenta

If you’re looking for something traditional, kapenta is a favorite in Zambia. These small, dried fish—caught from Lake Kariba and the Zambezi River—are usually fried to a crispy perfection or simmered in a rich tomato sauce. Packed with protein and flavor, kapenta is a humble but beloved dish enjoyed in homes across the country.

Ifisashi

For something truly flavorful, try ifisashi—a vegetable stew made with a mix of greens like pumpkin leaves or spinach, blended with groundnuts (peanuts). This rich, nutty dish is often served alongside nshima and is a fantastic way to taste Zambia’s abundant, fresh produce. It’s a wholesome dish that brings comfort with every bite.

Mosi Lager

If you’re craving a refreshing drink, Mosi Lager is the go-to beer in Zambia. Named after the famous Mosi-oa-Tunya (Victoria Falls), this light, crisp lager is perfect for cooling off after a day of exploring. Whether at a casual gathering or out on the town, locals and visitors alike love sipping on this iconic brew.

Chibwantu

For something a bit different, try chibwantu, a traditional, non-alcoholic drink made from fermented maize and millet. Its slightly sweet, tangy taste is not only refreshing but also deeply tied to Zambian culture. You’ll often find it served at celebrations and ceremonies, making it a special part of local traditions.

Festivals & Local Celebrations

Livingstone Cultural Festival

When: Typically held in August.

This festival is a vibrant celebration of the rich cultural traditions of Livingstone and the Southern Province. Visitors can dive into the experience with traditional music, mesmerizing dance performances, and local craft exhibitions. The event also features delicious local cuisine and showcases the talents of local artists, making it an unforgettable cultural immersion.

Mukuni Village Cultural Festival

When: Usually in September.

Head to Mukuni Village, just outside of Livingstone, for a festival that highlights the traditions of the Leya people and other local tribes. Here, you can witness fascinating traditional ceremonies, enjoy live cultural performances, and engage with artisans who share their craft. It’s a unique chance to get up close and personal with the village’s deep-rooted history and customs.

Victoria Falls Carnival

When: Annually at the end of December.

Although it takes place near Victoria Falls, this carnival draws plenty of energy into Livingstone, too. Imagine a fusion of music, dance, and vibrant cultural activities with performances by both local and international artists. Parades, food stalls, and endless entertainment create an exciting atmosphere that’s fun for all ages—a perfect way to end the year.

Zambezi River Festival

When: Typically in late May.

This event is all about celebrating the stunning Zambezi River and its surrounding nature. With activities like river cruises, fishing competitions, and conservation-focused programs, it’s a festival that combines adventure with environmental awareness. It’s an ideal outing for those who love the outdoors and want to learn more about the local ecosystem.

Livingstone Independence Day Celebrations

When: October 24th.

Zambia’s Independence Day is a national celebration, and Livingstone marks the occasion with lively parades, cultural performances, and inspiring speeches from local leaders. It’s a day filled with community pride, where visitors can join in and experience the patriotic spirit that shines brightly through the festivities.

Weather in Livingstone: Best Time to Visit

Average Temperatures

Summer (September to November)

As summer kicks off in September, expect warm days with highs around 34°C (93°F) and cooler evenings dipping to 19°C (66°F). October is the hottest month, with temperatures peaking at 34°C (93°F) and staying warm overnight at 20°C (68°F). By November, it cools slightly, but you’ll still see highs of around 33°C (91°F).

Rainy Season (December to April)

The rainy season brings heat and humidity. From December to February, highs hover between 30-31°C (86-88°F) with lows around 19-20°C (66-68°F). March and April stay warm, with highs around 30-31°C (86-88°F) and lows dropping to 16-18°C (61-64°F) as the rain begins to taper off.

Dry Season (May to August)

May signals a cooling trend, with temperatures dropping to 28°C (82°F) during the day and 11°C (52°F) at night. The cooler months of June through August bring mild, pleasant weather, with daytime highs ranging from 26-29°C (79-84°F) and lows between 7-10°C (45-50°F).

Rainfall

Livingstone’s tropical climate brings a distinct rainy season from December to April, with the wettest months being January and February, averaging 171 mm and 140 mm of rain, respectively. From May to November, the dry season takes over, and between June and October, rainfall is virtually non-existent.

Best Time to Visit

The dry season from July to October is ideal for visiting Livingstone. The weather is perfect for exploring Victoria Falls, with lower water levels reducing the spray and allowing for better views and exciting activities like white-water rafting and swimming in Devil’s Pool.

That said, the rainy season (December to April) also has its own appeal. The landscape is lush and green, and you’ll enjoy fewer crowds and lower prices. Just keep in mind that high water levels may limit some activities, but the falls are at their most powerful, offering a dramatic spectacle!

Culture Etiquette in Livingstone

Greetings and Introductions

Handshakes and verbal greetings are the most common way to say hello, and it’s always polite to greet elders first. If you’re introduced to local leaders, such as a headman or chief, follow your guide’s lead on proper etiquette. In more rural areas, women may greet visitors by genuflecting and avoiding direct eye contact—just be respectful and follow the cues around you.

Dress Code

While the weather is warm, dressing modestly is a good rule of thumb, especially when visiting urban areas or high-end spots. In villages or rural settings, conservative clothing is preferred. Lightweight clothes are perfect for the climate, but remember to cover your shoulders and knees when it’s appropriate.

Photography

Always ask for permission before snapping photos, especially at sacred sites or during ceremonies. Some areas may have restrictions, so it’s important to be respectful. Avoid taking close-up photos of locals in markets or rural areas without their consent—better to ask first.

Cultural Tours

When on cultural tours, modest dress is key—cover those shoulders and knees! Greet elders first, and always follow your guide’s cues. Be open to participating in local activities, and if you get the chance to try local cuisine, go for it! It’s always appreciated when visitors show gratitude for the experience.

Cuisine and Dining

In many rural areas, locals enjoy eating sadza (also called isitshwala) with their hands, and you’re welcome to join in! Just wash your hands first, and dig in. In hotels and restaurants, you can use cutlery as usual. Remember to dress appropriately for the establishment, avoid smoking indoors unless there’s a designated area, and tip for good service when you can.

Essential Travel Information

Transportation

Airport Transfers

Livingstone International Airport (LVI), also known as Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula International Airport, serves as the main gateway to the city. Once you arrive, there are several convenient options to get to your destination:

• Taxi: Taxis are readily available at the airport, and rates to popular spots like Livingstone town, the Avani & Royal Livingstone, David Livingstone, and the Waterfront range from $12-15.
• Shuttle: Many hotels and lodges offer airport shuttle services. Rates vary, with transfers to Livingstone Lodges typically costing $25-30, while a trip to Royal Chundu can be around $40.
• Private Transfer: If you prefer a more personal option, companies like Livingstone Airport Taxi provide private transfers in cars, minibuses, or coaches with fixed and affordable rates.

Public Transit

Livingstone has limited public transportation, but there are still some budget-friendly options:

• Minibuses: Known locally as kombis, these minibuses run set routes around the city, offering a cheap ride at just 5,000 ZMK (approximately $0.50).
• Taxis: The blue taxis you’ll see around town can be hailed on the street, with fares from the border to Livingstone town averaging around $10.

Ride-Sharing

Ride-sharing apps aren't widely available in Livingstone yet. Your best bet for getting around is to rely on hotel shuttles, private transfers, or the city’s traditional taxis.

Getting Around

• On Foot: Livingstone’s city center is compact and easily walkable. Many hotels, restaurants, and attractions are within a short stroll of each other.
• Taxi: Taxis are the most convenient way to get around the city. Be sure to negotiate the fare before hopping in.
• Rental Car: For more flexibility, renting a car is a great option. Major international rental companies operate out of the airport, giving you the freedom to explore the city and surrounding areas at your own pace.

ATM and Banking Services

ATMs

Livingstone offers plenty of ATMs for convenient cash withdrawals, particularly from major banks. Here’s what you need to know:

• Availability: ATMs are easy to find around town, especially in the city center and shopping areas. Most machines support VISA cards, and some, like those from Stanbic and Barclays, also accept Mastercard.
• Fees: While Barclays charges a 25 ZMK commission for international cards, Stanbic doesn’t add this fee. Keep in mind, all ATMs dispense cash in Zambian Kwacha (ZMK) only.
• Currency Exchange: Many prices are quoted in USD, but by law, vendors must accept ZMK. It’s a good idea to withdraw local currency for everyday transactions.

Banking Facilities

Livingstone is home to several local and international banks that offer services like currency exchange, account management, and financial advice. You can easily access banking services from prominent institutions like:

• Stanbic Bank
• Barclays Bank
• Zambia National Commercial Bank (ZANACO)
• With branches spread throughout the city, managing your finances while in Livingstone is simple and stress-free.

Accommodation Choices

Livingstone offers a wide range of accommodation options to fit every budget and style:

Hotels

• Avani Victoria Falls Resort: This luxury hotel, located near Victoria Falls, offers breathtaking views and top-notch modern amenities.
• Royal Livingstone Hotel: For an elegant stay, this five-star hotel along the Zambezi River is the perfect mix of luxury and proximity to the falls.

Guesthouses and Lodges

• David Livingstone Safari Lodge & Spa: Offering both relaxation and adventure, this lodge is perfect for travelers looking to unwind with a spa experience or explore with safari tours.
• Shearwater’s Explorers Village: A budget-friendly choice that offers a unique camping experience, plus access to exciting tours and activities.

Other Options

• Hostels: If you’re a budget traveler, Livingstone has several hostels where you can find affordable lodging and meet fellow travelers.
• Airbnb: For a more local experience, there are plenty of Airbnb options that provide unique stays in different neighborhoods around the city.