Muscat, the capital city of Oman, offers travelers a perfect blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Nestled between the rugged Hajar Mountains and the sparkling Arabian Sea, this picturesque city captivates visitors with its pristine beaches, historic forts, and modern architecture. From wandering through vibrant souks filled with handcrafted goods to exploring ancient landmarks steeped in history, Muscat invites you to immerse yourself in the heart of Omani culture. Whether you’re an adventurer, a history enthusiast, or a foodie, Muscat has something special for every traveler.
Population: Approximately 1.7 million in 2024.
Economy: Muscat's economy thrives on oil and gas exports, tourism, and trade. As Oman's capital, it plays a key role in the nation’s financial sector, with growing investments in infrastructure and logistics.
Landmarks: Famous for the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque, Royal Opera House Muscat, and the Al Jalali and Al Mirani Forts.
Oman
For centuries, Muscat has been a vital trading hub, linking the East and West with its bustling ports. Evidence of Muscat’s significance can be found in its architecture, traditions, and landmarks. As you stroll through the city, you’ll notice the influence of various civilizations, including the Portuguese, Persians, and Ottomans, each leaving their mark on the city’s heritage. In terms of culture, Muscat remains rooted in Islamic traditions, yet it embraces modernity with open arms. It’s a city where the past seamlessly meets the present, and where every corner tells a story of resilience and progress.
Muscat, the capital of Oman, has a population of Omani citizens and expatriates, with Omanis making up the majority. The local population is known for their warm hospitality and deep respect for tradition, while the expat community brings a diverse range of cultures to the city. Omanis are proud of their heritage, with Islam playing a central role in daily life, yet they are welcoming to visitors and open to sharing their culture.
Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque - © Hongbin
The Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque is one of the most iconic landmarks in Muscat and a masterpiece of Islamic architecture. With its magnificent marble walls, intricate mosaics, and the world’s second-largest chandelier, this mosque is a stunning sight to behold. Visitors can go around the mosque's calm prayer halls and view the world's second-largest Persian carpet. It’s open to non-Muslim visitors in the mornings, offering a peaceful atmosphere to appreciate Islamic art and culture.
The Royal Opera House Muscat is a cultural gem that hosts world-class performances, including opera, ballet, and traditional Omani music. This architectural marvel blends modern and traditional Omani styles, with its grand halls and intricate designs. Even if you're not attending a performance, the opera house is worth a visit for its beauty and the cultural significance it holds in the region.
The Al Jalali and Al Mirani Forts are historic structures dating back to the sixteenth century that were built by the Portuguese. These forts originally played an important role in defending the city from invaders. Today, they provide spectacular panoramic views of Muscat and its shoreline. Exploring the forts allows visitors to step back in time and experience Oman’s military history firsthand.
For a taste of traditional Omani life, head to Mutrah Souq, one of the oldest and most vibrant markets in the Arabian Peninsula. Here, you’ll find a treasure trove of goods, from fragrant spices and perfumes to intricate silver jewelry and handmade textiles. This bustling marketplace is an ideal spot for picking up souvenirs, while its lively energy and rich scents transport you to another era.
Mutrah Souq - © SnapSaga
Muscat’s local cuisine is a reflection of Oman’s rich cultural heritage, offering a variety of traditional dishes that highlight the country's unique flavors. In addition to the iconic local dishes, there are several other specialties that visitors should try to fully appreciate Omani cuisine.
Majboos - © Chef Middle East At Home
Muscat is home to several festivals and celebrations that showcase the country’s vibrant culture and traditions. These events are a great way to experience the local way of life and witness the sense of community that defines Oman.
Held annually in January and February, the Muscat Festival is a month-long celebration of Omani culture, arts, and traditions. It features cultural performances, traditional crafts, and local food stalls. Visitors can experience everything from folk dances to camel races and art exhibits, making it a must-attend event for those interested in Oman’s heritage.
As a predominantly Muslim country, Oman celebrates both Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha with great enthusiasm. These Islamic festivals are marked by prayer, feasts, and social gatherings. During these times, families come together to share meals, and visitors can witness the strong sense of community and generosity that permeates Omani culture.
Celebrated on November 18th, Oman’s National Day commemorates the country’s independence and the reign of Sultan Qaboos bin Said. Parades, fireworks, and traditional performances take place throughout Muscat, creating a lively and patriotic atmosphere. It’s a great time to be in the city and experience the national pride that runs deep in Omani society.
Oman’s National Day celebrations - © Edarabia
Experience Muscat Bay boat tours - © Hongbin
Muscat experiences a hot desert climate typical of the Arabian Peninsula, with long, scorching summers and mild winters. Understanding Muscat’s weather can help you plan the best time to visit the city, depending on your preferences for temperature and activities.
Summers in Muscat are extremely hot, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C (104°F). The humidity, especially along the coast, can make it feel even hotter. Outdoor activities can be challenging during these months, so if you visit during this period, it’s best to stick to indoor attractions, such as museums and shopping malls, or spend time at luxury resorts where air conditioning is readily available.
The winter months offer a much more pleasant climate, with temperatures ranging between 18°C and 30°C (64°F to 86°F). This is considered the best time to visit Muscat, as the cooler weather is ideal for outdoor activities like exploring historical sites, beach trips, and desert safaris. Rainfall is rare but can occur between December and March.
A clear day to explore Daymaniyat Islands - © Ghulam Mustafa
Muscat offers a modern banking system with easy access to ATMs and currency exchange services throughout the city. ATMs can be found in key locations such as shopping malls, tourist spots, and the airport, and they typically accept international debit and credit cards. Currency exchange services are available at various locations, including exchange offices and hotels, though exchange rates may vary. Credit and debit cards are widely accepted at hotels, restaurants, and large stores, but it's advisable to carry some cash, especially when visiting local markets or smaller establishments.
Nestled on the banks of the Kinabatangan River in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, Sukau is a destination where wildlife, culture, and conservation come together. Known as one of Asia’s top spots for river safaris and eco-tourism, this quiet village offers a front-row seat to encounters with Bornean orangutans, pygmy elephants, proboscis monkeys, and exotic birdlife.
Population: Approximately 1,400 in 2019.
Economy: Sukau’s economy is shaped by its riverine location and natural resources. Traditionally, the Orang Sungai community relied on fishing, small-scale farming, and forest gathering for their livelihood. Today, the village has shifted toward eco-tourism, with river cruises, jungle trekking, and homestays providing income.
Landmarks: Famous for the Kinabatangan River cruises, Gomantong Caves, and Ox-bow lakes and wetlands.
Perched in the state of Pahang, Malaysia, the Cameron Highlands is a highland retreat famed for its tea plantations, strawberry farms, and cool mountain air. Often called the Green Jewel of Malaysia, this destination blends colonial charm with natural beauty, making it a favorite among both domestic travelers and international visitors. With rolling hills, lush forests, and Tudor-style cottages, Cameron Highlands offers a unique escape from the tropical heat of Kuala Lumpur or Penang.
Population: Approximately 43,000 in 2019.
Economy: Cameron Highlands’ economy is primarily driven by agriculture, tourism, and retail trade. The region is one of Malaysia’s most important suppliers of vegetables, tea, and flowers, with farms exporting produce nationwide and abroad. Tourism also plays a significant role, with visitors supporting local businesses, markets, and hospitality services.
Landmarks: Famous for the Boh Tea Plantation, Mossy Forest at Gunung Brinchang, and Lavender Garden & Butterfly Farm.
Hidden deep in the heart of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, the Kinabatangan River winds through lush rainforests and thriving wetlands. Known as one of the best places in Asia for spotting wildlife, Kinabatangan draws eco-travelers, birdwatchers, and culture seekers alike. But Kinabatangan is more than a wildlife haven. It is also home to the Orang Sungai, or “River People,” whose traditions remain closely tied to the river. A journey here offers travelers not just a glimpse of Borneo’s biodiversity, but also a chance to connect with a living culture.
Population: Approximately 16,000 in 2020.
Economy: Kinabatangan’s economy is closely tied to its natural resources and fertile lands. The region relies heavily on agriculture, with palm oil plantations being a major contributor. Fishing and small-scale farming support local livelihoods, while eco-tourism has grown rapidly, thanks to the Kinabatangan River’s rich biodiversity.
Landmarks: Famous for the Kinabatangan River Safari, Gomantong Caves, and the Ox-Bow Lakes.
Tucked away in the heart of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, Sepilok is a paradise for eco-travelers. This small settlement, only 25 kilometers from Sandakan, has become world-famous for its Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre. Here, visitors can witness endangered orangutans learning to live wild again. Beyond the orangutans, Sepilok offers rich rainforest landscapes, diverse wildlife, and a strong commitment to eco-tourism.
Population: Sepilok is a small town. The population here is not documented.
Economy: Sepilok’s economy thrives mainly on eco-tourism and conservation efforts. Beyond tourism, the surrounding region supports agriculture, particularly palm oil plantations and small-scale farming.
Landmarks: Famous for the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre, Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre, and the Rainforest Discovery Centre (RDC).
Penang, Malaysia’s famed “Pearl of the Orient,” is where heritage, flavors, and coastal beauty meet. This island state blends centuries of history with a vibrant present, creating a destination that charms both first-time visitors and returning travelers. From the UNESCO-listed streets of George Town to golden beaches, bustling night markets, and a street food culture celebrated worldwide, Penang offers a journey through time, taste, and tradition.
Population: Approximately 1.77 million in 2020.
Economy: Penang’s economy is driven by electronics manufacturing, shipping, and trade, earning the nickname “Silicon Valley of the East.” The state is also a thriving hub for tourism. Beyond industry and tourism, Penang has a growing services sector, including finance, healthcare, and education, making it a well-rounded and resilient economy.
Landmarks: Famous for the Kek Lok Si Temple, Penang Hill, and the Penang National Park.
Hide away in the gentle hills of Tochigi Prefecture, Mashiko is more than a stop on a map, it’s a living gallery of clay, craft, and community. Known worldwide for its Mashiko-yaki pottery, this charming rural town draws travelers seeking hands-on creativity and a slower pace of life. Here, kiln smoke curls into blue skies, and artisan shops spill treasures onto narrow streets. Only a few hours from Tokyo, Mashiko offers the perfect escape for lovers of traditional Japanese culture, authentic local food, and countryside landscapes.
Population: Approximately 22,000 in 2020.
Economy: Mashiko’s economy thrives on its renowned pottery industry, attracting both domestic and international buyers. Tourism plays a vital role, fueled by pottery fairs, local crafts, and cultural events.
Landmarks: Famous for the Mashiko Pottery Museum, Pottery Street, and the Saimyoji Temple.