Sukhothai, a serene gem nestled in northern Thailand, offers travelers a journey back in time to the birthplace of Thai civilization. Known as the "Dawn of Happiness," Sukhothai holds a significant place in Thai history, where the first independent Thai kingdom was established in the 13th century. This ancient city, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a treasure trove of historical and cultural wonders, making it a must-visit destination for those who seek to immerse themselves in Thailand's rich heritage. Whether you're a history enthusiast, a culture lover, or a curious traveler, Sukhothai promises an experience like no other.
Population: Approximately 600,000 in 2019.
Economy: Sukhothai’s economy is driven by tourism, agriculture, and local crafts. The city thrives on its historical sites and cultural heritage, attracting visitors while supporting traditional industries.
Landmarks: Famous for the Wat Mahathat, Wat Si Chum, and Ramkhamhaeng National Museum.
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Sukhothai’s history is intertwined with the dawn of the Thai nation. Founded in the 13th century, the Sukhothai Kingdom marked the golden age of Thai culture. This era saw the flourishing of art, architecture, and the Thai script, which laid the foundation for modern Thailand. The heart of this legacy is Sukhothai Historical Park, home to the ruins of grand temples, palaces, and Buddha statues, each telling stories of a bygone era. Here, you’ll find Wat Mahathat, the spiritual center of the ancient city, with its iconic lotus-bud chedi surrounded by elegant Buddha images.
The citizens of Sukhothai are known for their warmth, hospitality, and deep connection to their cultural heritage. Most of the population engages in agriculture, traditional crafts, and tourism-related activities. The people here take pride in their city's rich history and are eager to share their traditions and way of life with visitors. Despite the city's historical significance, Sukhothai maintains a relaxed, rural atmosphere, where residents live in harmony with the surrounding natural beauty.
Sukhothai ancient Buddha statue - © National Geographic
Wat Mahathat is Sukhothai's largest and most important temple. Its central chedi, surrounded by Buddha statues and smaller stupas, represents the pinnacle of Sukhothai architecture. This temple served as the spiritual and political heart of the Sukhothai Kingdom, and its grandeur is a testament to the devotion of its people.
Just a short distance from Wat Mahathat lies Wat Si Chum, home to the famous Phra Achana, a massive seated Buddha that seems to radiate calmness and wisdom. The statue, housed in a mandapa (square structure), is one of the most photographed icons of Sukhothai. Visitors often feel a sense of peace when standing before this awe-inspiring image.
For those interested in delving deeper into the history of Sukhothai, the Ramkhamhaeng National Museum is a must-visit. The museum houses a collection of artifacts, including ceramics, sculptures, and inscriptions, that provide a glimpse into the life and culture of the Sukhothai period. It’s an excellent place to start your exploration of the city, offering context and insight into the significance of the ruins scattered throughout the area.
Wat Saphan Hin, or the "Temple of the Stone Bridge," located on a hill west of Sukhothai Historical Park, is famous for its standing Buddha, Phra Attharot, which towers over 12 meters high. The hike up the ancient stone pathway to reach the temple offers stunning panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, making it a rewarding experience for those who visit.
Wat Phra Phai Luang is one of the oldest and most important temples in Sukhothai. Originally a Khmer temple, it later became a key site for the Sukhothai Kingdom. The temple complex features intricate stucco reliefs, prangs (towers), and Buddha images, showcasing a blend of architectural styles. It’s a fascinating site for those interested in the religious and cultural transitions that shaped the region.
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Wat Mahathat - © CJ Botha
Sukhothai is not just a historical treasure; it’s also a culinary destination that offers unique and flavorful dishes. The local cuisine reflects the region’s agricultural heritage and is characterized by fresh ingredients, simple preparation methods, and bold flavors.
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Kaeng Om - © Wikimedia
Sukhothai is alive with vibrant festivals and local celebrations that offer a glimpse into its rich cultural heritage. These events are an integral part of the community, reflecting the region’s traditions, beliefs, and way of life.
Loy Krathong, celebrated annually in November, is one of Thailand’s most enchanting festivals, and Sukhothai is where it all began. The festival involves floating small, decorated rafts (krathongs) on rivers and ponds to pay respect to the water spirits. In Sukhothai, the celebrations are particularly special, with thousands of lanterns lighting up the night sky around the ancient ruins, creating a magical atmosphere. It’s a time for locals and visitors alike to come together and participate in this beautiful tradition.
This festival, held annually, commemorates the history and culture of Sukhothai. The event features traditional dance performances, light and sound shows, and historical reenactments, all set against the backdrop of the Sukhothai Historical Park. It’s an immersive experience that transports visitors back to the days of the Sukhothai Kingdom.
The Thai New Year, known as Songkran, is celebrated in mid-April and is one of the most joyous occasions in Sukhothai. The festival is marked by water-splashing, religious ceremonies, and family gatherings. In Sukhothai, the celebrations often include processions, traditional dances, and the bathing of Buddha images, reflecting the deep-rooted customs of the region.
Sukhothai Historical Park - © VTV
Exploring Wat Si Chum in Sukhothai Historical Park - © CJ Botha
The hot season sees temperatures often exceeding 35°C (95°F), making it the least comfortable time for outdoor activities. However, this period offers lower accommodation rates and fewer crowds at popular attractions. For those who don’t mind the heat, it's an opportunity to explore the Sukhothai Historical Park and local markets with fewer tourists. Early mornings and late afternoons are the best times for sightseeing to avoid peak temperatures.
During the rainy season, Sukhothai experiences frequent heavy showers and occasional thunderstorms, particularly in the afternoons. While the rain cools the weather and the landscape grows lush and green, certain outdoor activities may be disrupted. This season also brings vibrant local festivals and an opportunity to see the region’s natural beauty in full bloom.
The cool season is the peak tourist period, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). This is the most comfortable time to visit Sukhothai, with pleasant weather and clear skies. It’s ideal for exploring the historical park, participating in outdoor activities, and enjoying local festivals. The cooler temperatures make it easier to explore Sukhothai’s attractions comfortably.
Every day is a great day to explore Sukhothai ancient ruins - © World Heritage Journeys
In Sukhothai, accessing ATM and banking services is straightforward. ATMs are widely available throughout the city, particularly in popular areas and near major attractions, allowing for easy cash withdrawals with international cards. To avoid card transaction complications, advise your bank of your trip intentions. Credit cards are commonly accepted at hotels, restaurants, and larger shops, but smaller vendors and markets may only accept cash.
Tucked away in Sri Lanka’s southeastern corner, Yala National Park is where wild nature meets deep tradition. Known worldwide for its leopard population, the park is also home to elephants, sloth bears, crocodiles, and hundreds of bird species. Beyond wildlife, Yala opens doors to a cultural landscape dotted with ancient temples, Buddhist ruins, and coastal villages. For travelers seeking more than just a safari, Yala offers a chance to explore eco-tourism, local communities, and sacred heritage sites.
Population: The Yala National Park area doesn’t have a human population.
Economy: The economy around Yala National Park thrives on a blend of eco-tourism, agriculture, and local services. Safari tours, eco-lodges, and cultural experiences drive steady income for nearby towns like Tissamaharama and Kataragama, supporting thousands of families.
Landmarks: Famous for Block I of Yala and wildlife encounters, including elephants, sloth bears, crocodiles, and exotic bird species.
Nestled on Sri Lanka’s southern coastline, Galle is a vibrant city where history meets the sea. Its cobbled streets, colonial architecture, and serene beaches make it a must-visit destination for travelers seeking a blend of culture, adventure, and relaxation. A UNESCO World Heritage site, Galle captivates visitors with its Dutch Fort, bustling markets, and friendly locals. Whether you’re exploring the ramparts at sunset or savoring fresh seafood by the shore, Galle promises an unforgettable journey into Sri Lanka’s heritage.
Population: Approximately 113,000 in 2023.
Economy: Galle’s economy thrives on tourism, trade, and fisheries. The city’s historic fort, colonial architecture, and coastal charm draw thousands of international visitors each year, making tourism its main economic driver. Fishing remains vital for local livelihoods, supplying fresh seafood across the region.
Landmarks: Famous for the Galle Fort, Dutch Reformed Church & Maritime Museum, and Unawatuna Beach.
Nestled along Sri Lanka’s southwestern coast, Bentota is a tropical paradise that blends golden beaches, vibrant culture, and thrilling adventures. Famous for its calm waters, luxury resorts, and scenic river estuary, Bentota has become a top destination for travelers seeking both relaxation and authentic experiences. From serene beach walks at sunrise to adrenaline-pumping water sports, this coastal town offers a perfect balance of leisure and exploration. With its proximity to Colombo and Galle, Bentota is easy to reach, making it an ideal stop for both short escapes and extended holidays.
Population: Approximately 37,000 in 2023.
Economy: Bentota’s economy thrives mainly on tourism, which drives local businesses such as hotels, restaurants, and wellness retreats. The town also benefits from fishing, coconut cultivation, and handicrafts like wood carving and batik textiles. Many residents rely on the growing demand for water sports and Ayurvedic treatments, making tourism the backbone of both income and employment in the area.
Landmarks: Famous for Bentota Beach, Bentota River Safari, and Kande Vihara Temple.
Mirissa is a charming coastal town on Sri Lanka’s southern shoreline. Known for its golden beaches, turquoise waters, and vibrant marine life, it has become a must-visit stop for travelers exploring the island. Many come for whale watching, surfing, and sunset views at Coconut Tree Hill, but Mirissa offers much more than postcard beauty. The fishing boats you see anchored by the bay carry generations of stories. Local traditions, delicious cuisine, and a laid-back rhythm of life shape every visitor’s experience.
Population: Approximately 4,700 in 2023.
Economy: Mirissa’s economy is largely shaped by its coastal location. Fishing has long been the backbone of local livelihoods, with generations relying on the Indian Ocean for income. In recent decades, tourism has become the main driver of growth, thanks to whale watching, surfing, and beachside hospitality.
Landmarks: Famous for Mirissa Beach, Coconut Tree Hill, and Parrot Rock Bridge.
Tucked away in the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka, Nuwara Eliya is often called “Little England”. With its rolling tea plantations, cool misty mornings, and colonial charm, this mountain town feels like a step into another world. Travelers come here to breathe fresh air, walk through flower gardens, sip the finest Ceylon Tea, and enjoy a pace of life far from the island’s busy cities. Whether you’re drawn by scenic landscapes, heritage architecture, or the warmth of its people, Nuwara Eliya is a destination that blends nature, culture, and history in perfect harmony.
Population: Approximately 781,000 in 2023.
Economy: Nuwara Eliya’s economy thrives mainly on tea production, as it sits in the heart of Sri Lanka’s central highlands, famous worldwide for Ceylon Tea. The city also benefits from a growing tourism industry, attracting visitors with its colonial charm, cool climate, and scenic landscapes.
Landmarks: Famous for Gregory Lake, Hakgala Botanical Garden, and Victoria Park.
Nestled on the banks of the Kinabatangan River in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, Sukau is a destination where wildlife, culture, and conservation come together. Known as one of Asia’s top spots for river safaris and eco-tourism, this quiet village offers a front-row seat to encounters with Bornean orangutans, pygmy elephants, proboscis monkeys, and exotic birdlife.
Population: Approximately 1,400 in 2019.
Economy: Sukau’s economy is shaped by its riverine location and natural resources. Traditionally, the Orang Sungai community relied on fishing, small-scale farming, and forest gathering for their livelihood. Today, the village has shifted toward eco-tourism, with river cruises, jungle trekking, and homestays providing income.
Landmarks: Famous for the Kinabatangan River cruises, Gomantong Caves, and Ox-bow lakes and wetlands.