Explore Ulaanbaatar - Mongolia Travel, Asia

Overview of Ulaanbaatar

History & Cultural Influence

Ulaanbaatar's history is as diverse and dynamic as the city itself. Founded in 1639 as a nomadic Buddhist monastic center, it has evolved through centuries of cultural and political change. The city moved several times before settling in its current location in 1778. Gandan Monastery, the largest and most significant monastery in Mongolia, stands as a testament to the city's Buddhist heritage. Meanwhile, Sükhbaatar Square, named after a revolutionary hero, symbolizes Mongolia's path to independence.

Interaction with The Locals

One of the best ways to experience Ulaanbaatar is through its people. The locals now mostly live in the urban area, however, many still reside all across the vast steppe in an attempt to preserve the Mongolian nomadic culture and the natural heritage. Mongolian known for their hospitality and warmth, therefore, engaging with Ulaanbaatar's residents offers a deeper understanding of Mongolian culture and lifestyle.

Top Attractions in Ulaanbaatar

Ulaanbaatar boasts a variety of attractions that cater to different interests. These attractions highlight the city's rich history, cultural depth, and scenic beauty, making Ulaanbaatar a compelling destination for all travelers.

• Gandan Monastery: This impressive complex is a living symbol of Mongolia's Buddhist traditions. Wander through its serene courtyards and marvel at the towering statue of Migjid Janraisig.
• Sükhbaatar Square: The central square of Ulaanbaatar is surrounded by important buildings, including the Government Palace. It's a great place to learn about Mongolia's history and watch daily life unfold.
• National Museum of Mongolia: Dive into Mongolia's rich history, from prehistoric times to the present day. The museum's displays offer a thorough history of the country's cultural progress.
• Zaisan Memorial: Located on a hill south of the city, this memorial honors Soviet soldiers who died in World War II. The panoramic views of Ulaanbaatar from the top are breathtaking.
• Bogd Khan Palace Museum: The winter palace of the last Mongolian emperor, Bogd Khan, is now a museum. It offers a fascinating insight into the life and times of Mongolia's royalty.
• Chinggis Khaan Statue Complex: Although located just outside of Ulaanbaatar, this massive statue of Chinggis Khaan (Genghis Khan) is a must-visit. It stands 40 meters tall and offers a panoramic view of the surrounding area from the top.
• Choijin Lama Temple Museum: This architectural gem is a former monastery that now serves as a museum. It features stunning Buddhist art and artifacts, offering a glimpse into Mongolia's spiritual heritage.

Must-Try Dishes in Ulaanbaatar

Mongolian cuisine is hearty and flavorful, reflecting the country's nomadic heritage and harsh climate. In Ulaanbaatar, you can savor a variety of traditional dishes that offer a true taste of Mongolia. For an authentic dining experience, visit local restaurants and food markets where you can enjoy these dishes prepared by skilled chefs who understand the nuances of Mongolian cooking.

• Buuz: These steamed dumplings are filled with seasoned meat, usually mutton or beef. They are a staple in Mongolian cuisine and a must-try for any visitor.
• Khorkhog: A unique barbecue dish where meat is cooked with hot stones inside a sealed container. The result is tender, flavorful meat that's a delight for the senses.
• Boodog: This traditional dish involves cooking a whole goat or marmot from the inside out using heated stones. It's an adventurous culinary experience that reflects Mongolia's unique food traditions.
• Tsuivan: A noodle stir-fry made with meat and vegetables. It's a comforting and satisfying meal that's popular among locals.
• Airag (Fermented Mare's Milk): This traditional Mongolian beverage is slightly alcoholic and made from fermented mare's milk. It's a unique taste experience and a significant part of Mongolian culture.
• Khuushuur: Similar to buuz but fried instead of steamed, these meat-filled pastries are crispy on the outside and juicy on the inside. They are often enjoyed during the Naadam Festival.
• Guriltai Shul (Noodle Soup): A hearty soup made with meat, vegetables, and noodles. It's a soothing dish ideal for warming up on a cold day.
• Mongolian Milk Tea (Suutei Tsai): This traditional tea is made with milk, water, tea leaves, and salt. It's a staple in Mongolian hospitality and often accompanies meals.
• Aaruul (Dried Curd): A typical Mongolian snack composed of dried curd. It's hard and has a unique, tangy flavor. Aaruul is often carried by nomads for its long shelf life and nutritional value.
• Bantan: A thick soup prepared with flatbread crumbs, meat, and stock. It's a traditional dish often served to those recovering from illness due to its nutritious properties.

Festivals & Local Celebrations

Naadam Festival

The Naadam Festival, held every July, is Mongolia's most significant and celebrated event. The "Three Manly Games," as they are known, include ancient Mongolian wrestling, horse racing, and archery. Naadam is not just a sports event but a cultural celebration that unites the nation. Visitors can witness the fierce competitions and enjoy the festive atmosphere filled with food stalls and souvenir vendors.

Tsagaan Sar (Lunar New Year)

Tsagaan Sar, or Mongolian Lunar New Year, symbolizes the start of spring and is one of the most important festivals in Mongolia. Celebrated in late January or February, it involves various rituals and customs. Families gather to pay respects to elders, exchange gifts, and enjoy a feast of traditional dishes such as buuz and airag. Homes are cleaned and decorated, and special ceremonies honor ancestors. Visitors during Tsagaan Sar can experience the warmth of Mongolian hospitality and the richness of its traditions.

Golden Eagle Festival

Although not held in Ulaanbaatar, the Golden Eagle Festival in the western region of Mongolia is a unique event worth mentioning. This event commemorates the old custom of eagle hunting, with Kazakh hunters demonstrating their abilities. Visitors can witness breathtaking displays of eagles swooping down to catch prey, traditional horseback riding, and cultural performances. The event provides a unique look into the lives of nomadic Kazakh hunters and their spectacular birds of prey.

What to Do in Ulaanbaatar

Ulaanbaatar offers a wide range of activities for tourists to enjoy, from exploring the great outdoors to diving into the city’s cultural scene.

Hiking and Nature Walks

Ulaanbaatar is surrounded by beautiful landscapes, making it a great starting point for outdoor adventures. Bogd Khan Uul National Park, located just south of the city, offers hiking trails with stunning views. Another popular spot right next to Ullaanbaatar is the Terelj National Park, known for its dramatic rock formations and lush valleys.

Horseback Riding

Experience Mongolia’s nomadic heritage by going horseback riding in the countryside. You can also choose to participate in guided rides if it’s your first time riding a horse. With this option, you can explore the vast steppes to every corner and meet local herders. It’s an excellent way to immerse yourself in the Mongolian nomadic lifestyle.

Cultural Tours

Join a guided tour to explore Ulaanbaatar’s rich history and culture. Visit the city’s museums, temples, and historical sites while learning about Mongolia’s fascinating past. Many tours also include traditional performances, giving you a taste of Mongolian music and dance.

Nomadic Family Visits

Spend a day or even a night with a nomadic family to experience their daily life. You’ll have the opportunity to participate in traditional activities such as milking cows, making dairy products, and herding livestock. This immersive experience provides a deeper understanding of Mongolia’s nomadic culture.

Shopping in Ulaanbaatar

Ulaanbaatar offers a vibrant shopping scene where visitors can find everything from traditional crafts to modern fashion, providing visitors with plenty of opportunities to find memorable souvenirs and gifts. Whether you’re looking for traditional crafts or modern fashion, the city has something for every shopper.

State Department Store

The State Department Store, located in the heart of Ulaanbaatar, is a must-visit for shoppers. This iconic store offers a wide range of products, including clothing, electronics, groceries, and souvenirs. On the top floor, you’ll find a dedicated section for traditional Mongolian crafts, such as cashmere products, leather goods, and felt items.

Naran Tuul Market (Black Market)

For a more local shopping experience, head to Naran Tuul Market, also known as the Black Market. This bustling outdoor market is the largest in Ulaanbaatar and offers a variety of goods, from clothing and electronics to antiques and traditional crafts. Bargaining is anticipated, so be prepared to negotiate for the best deal.

Gobi Cashmere Factory Store

Mongolia is renowned for its high-quality cashmere, and the Gobi Cashmere Factory Store is one of the best places to buy it. The store offers a wide selection of cashmere products, including sweaters, scarves, and blankets. You can also learn about the cashmere production process and the craftsmanship behind these luxurious items.

Mary & Martha Mongolia

For unique and ethically made souvenirs, visit Mary & Martha Mongolia. This fair-trade shop offers handmade products crafted by local artisans, including jewelry, textiles, and home decor. Every purchase supports community development and helps preserve traditional Mongolian crafts.

Ikh Delguur

Another great shopping destination is Ikh Delguur, which translates to "Great Store." This shopping complex features a mix of local and international brands, offering a variety of clothing, accessories, and beauty products. It’s a perfect place to find trendy fashion items and unique Mongolian designs.

Weather in Ulaanbaatar: Best Time to Visit

Ulaanbaatar’s unique climate and extreme seasonal variations offer distinct experiences for travelers throughout the year. Understanding the weather conditions in Ulaanbaatar and tourism trends can help you plan the perfect trip to Mongolia’s capital.

Spring in Ulaanbaatar

• Weather: Spring is a transitional period with fluctuating temperatures and occasional dust storms. The weather warms up, and the city begins to defrost.
• Tourism Trends: Spring is less crowded, making it an excellent time for sightseeing and cultural tours. The blooming of flowers and the greening of the landscape offer beautiful scenery for outdoor activities. Travelers during this time can enjoy local markets, parks, and historical sites without the hustle and bustle of peak tourist season.

Summer in Ulaanbaatar

• Weather: Summers are warm and comfortable, with temperatures ranging from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
• Tourism Trends: This is the peak tourist season, coinciding with the Naadam Festival in July. Summer is perfect for outdoor activities such as hiking, horseback riding, and exploring the countryside. The favorable weather attracts many visitors, so accommodations and attractions can be crowded. Planning and booking in advance are recommended to make the most of the vibrant summer events and natural beauty.

Autumn in Ulaanbaatar

• Weather: Autumn brings cooler temperatures and beautiful fall foliage. It's a season with moderate weather and less tourists.
• Tourism Trends: Autumn is ideal for those who prefer a quieter, more relaxed travel experience. The vibrant colors of the changing leaves make the city’s parks and surrounding areas picturesque. Cultural festivals and harvest celebrations offer rich, authentic experiences. It's a great time to visit museums, enjoy local cuisine, and take part in cultural activities.



Winter in Ulaanbaatar

• Weather: Ulaanbaatar's winters are lengthy and extremely cold, with temperatures frequently plunging below -20°C (-4°F). The city experiences heavy snowfall and strong winds, creating a harsh but beautiful winter landscape.
• Tourism Trends: Winter is a quieter season for tourism, appealing mainly to adventurous travelers interested in winter sports and cultural experiences like Tsagaan Sar (Mongolian Lunar New Year). The snow-covered city provides a picturesque backdrop for photographers and those seeking a serene, less crowded environment. Winter festivals and events offer unique cultural insights, making it a special time for those who brave the cold.

Cultural Etiquette in Ulaanbaatar

Respecting local customs and traditions is crucial when visiting Ulaanbaatar. By following these cultural norms, you will show respect for Mongolian traditions and make a positive impression on the locals, enhancing your travel experience in Ulaanbaatar.

• Greetings: When meeting someone, a light handshake and a slight bow are customary. For elders or people of higher status, it is polite to support your right elbow with your left hand during the handshake.
• Accepting Offerings: Accept food and drink offered by your host graciously. Refusing hospitality may be considered rude.
• Seating Etiquette: When sitting, avoid pointing your feet at anyone or towards the altar, if present. Sit with your feet flat on the floor or tucked under you.
• Giving Gifts: When visiting a Mongolian home or during special occasions, it is customary to bring a small gift. Suitable gifts include sweets, fruits, or souvenirs from your home country. Avoid giving sharp objects, as they symbolize cutting off relationships.
• Presenting Gifts: When presenting a gift, use both hands or your right hand supported by your left. It's polite to give and receive gifts with a slight bow and a smile. The recipient may not open the gift immediately, as it's considered respectful to do so later.
• Traditional Attire: Wearing traditional Mongolian clothing, like the deel, during festivals and special occasions is appreciated and seen as a mark of respect.
• Seeking Permission: Always ask for permission before taking photos of people, especially monks and locals in traditional attire. Respect their privacy and cultural sensibilities.

Essential Travel Information

Getting Around Ulaanbaatar

Getting around Ulaanbaatar and exploring its surroundings is relatively easy, thanks to various transportation options.

• Public Transportation: Ulaanbaatar has an extensive bus network that covers most parts of the city. Buses and trolleys are affordable and frequent, making them a convenient option for getting around. Tickets can be purchased on board or using a prepaid transit card.
• Taxis: Taxis are readily available throughout the city. It's advisable to use metered taxis or agree on a fare before starting the journey. Official taxis are usually identifiable by their yellow license plates.
• Car Rentals: Several rental agencies offer cars for hire, allowing you to explore Ulaanbaatar and its surroundings at your own pace. International driving permits are usually required.
• Walking: Many of Ulaanbaatar's attractions are within walking distance of each other, especially in the city center. Walking is a great way to explore the city's streets and experience its vibrant atmosphere.
• Biking: While less common, biking is an option, especially during the warmer months. Some rental shops provide bicycles for tourists.

ATM & Banking Services

Access to banking services and ATMs in Ulaanbaatar is straightforward, ensuring you can manage your finances with ease. ATMs are widely available in shopping centers, hotels, and near major attractions, accepting international cards and offering English instructions. While most establishments accept credit or debit cards, carrying some cash is advisable, with Mongolian tögrög (MNT) being the local currency dispensed by ATMs. Major banks throughout the city provide essential services like currency exchange, wire transfers, and cash advances, with official locations recommended for the best rates.

Where to Stay in Ulaanbaatar

Ulaanbaatar offers a diverse range of accommodation options to suit different budgets and preferences. Luxury hotels provide upscale amenities, fine dining, and convenient central locations, making them ideal for those seeking comfort and proximity to major attractions. Mid-range hotels offer modern amenities, cozy rooms, and a blend of comfort and affordability, ensuring a pleasant stay with friendly service. For budget-conscious travelers, hostels and guesthouses provide clean, affordable accommodations with a welcoming atmosphere, perfect for backpackers and those exploring on a budget. Additionally, traditional ger camps outside the city offer a unique experience of Mongolian living, combining the charm of traditional gers with modern comforts amidst beautiful natural scenery.