Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, is the bustling capital of Maharashtra, located on the western coast of India along the Arabian Sea. With a population of around 20 million, it is not only India's largest city but also one of the most populous urban areas in the world.
The city is a melting pot of religions, languages, and traditions, reflected in its vibrant arts scene, colorful festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi and Diwali, and rich heritage. Mumbai is also the financial heartbeat of India, housing key institutions like the Reserve Bank of India and the Bombay Stock Exchange. Additionally, it’s the home of Bollywood, the world’s largest film industry, producing over a thousand movies each year.
Population Estimate 21 million (as of 2024)
Economy: Mumbai is often called the financial capital of India, housing major financial institutions like the Bombay Stock Exchange, National Stock Exchange, and the Reserve Bank of India. Contributing around 6% of India's GDP, the city is a powerhouse for industries such as finance, IT services, textiles, and pharmaceuticals, while also being home to the Bollywood film industry. For travelers, Mumbai's economic vibrancy offers a wide range of experiences, from luxury shopping and dining to exploring bustling street markets and local cuisine. The city's well-developed infrastructure and global connectivity make it a convenient and exciting destination for tourists.
Landmarks: Gateway of India, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST), Bandra-Worli Sea Link, Rajabai Clock Tower, Marine Drive, Elephanta Caves, Haji Ali Dargah, Siddhivinayak Temple
India
Mumbai's rich history dates back to ancient times when it was a collection of seven islands, primarily inhabited by the Koli fishing community. These islands were part of various empires, including the Maurya Empire, and played a significant role in Hindu-Buddhist culture. The city's transformation began under Portuguese control in 1534, and later in 1661, the British took over as part of a marriage dowry. This marked the start of Mumbai's development into a key trading hub for the British East India Company. By the 19th century, land reclamation projects merged the islands, fueling rapid industrialization and establishing Mumbai as a major port city. Post-independence, the city flourished as India's financial capital, although challenges like overcrowding emerged. Today, Mumbai is a melting pot of cultures, with its diverse population reflected in its vibrant festivals, cuisine, and everyday life.
Visitors to Mumbai will find themselves immersed in a dynamic city that thrives on its diversity and warmth. With a bustling metropolis where cultures, languages, and religions blend seamlessly. While Hinduism is the dominant religion, the city is also home to sizable Muslim, Christian, Buddhist, Sikh, and Jain communities. This rich mix is reflected in the everyday life, from the festivals celebrated to the languages spoken—Marathi, Hindi, English, Gujarati, and more.
Mumbaikars are known for their friendliness and hospitality. Tourists can expect locals to be curious about their background and happy to offer tips on the best spots to explore. Whether sampling street food or navigating the busy markets, you’ll find that most interactions are welcoming. However, it’s essential to respect local customs, like dressing appropriately when visiting religious sites. While Mumbai dazzles with its upscale areas, it’s important to be mindful of the city's stark economic contrasts, with affluent neighborhoods alongside vast slum areas. A thoughtful approach will ensure respectful and meaningful connections during your visit.
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus - © Mazur Travel
Mumbai offers a vibrant mix of historical landmarks and modern marvels that captivate travelers. The iconic Gateway of India, standing tall by the Arabian Sea, is a must-visit, offering stunning views and a gateway to nearby attractions like the Elephanta Caves. For breathtaking coastal scenery, a stroll down Marine Drive, known as the "Queen's Necklace," is perfect, especially at sunset. Visitors can also explore the architectural grandeur of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Location: Apollo Bunder, South Mumbai
The Gateway of India, built in 1924, stands as an enduring symbol of Mumbai’s rich history and grandeur. Originally constructed to honor the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to India, this 26-meter-high Indo-Saracenic arch overlooks the Arabian Sea and serves as a ceremonial gateway to the city. Today, it is a lively hub where tourists and locals gather, and it's also the departure point for ferries heading to the Elephanta Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site just a short boat ride away.
Location: Western Part of India meeting the shores of the Arabian Sea
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is not just one of India’s busiest railway stations, but also an architectural wonder. Completed in 1887, its design blends Victorian Gothic Revival with traditional Indian elements, creating a strikingly beautiful facade adorned with intricate carvings, domes, and spires. The station stands as a reminder of Mumbai’s colonial past and is an essential stop for anyone interested in the city's architectural and historical heritage.
Location: South Mumbai
Marine Drive, stretching 3.6 kilometers along the Arabian Sea, is one of Mumbai’s most iconic spots. Known as the "Queen’s Necklace" for the way the streetlights form a sparkling arc at night, this picturesque promenade is a favorite among locals and tourists alike. Whether you’re enjoying a quiet morning walk, indulging in street food from local vendors, or watching the sun set over the horizon, Marine Drive offers a perfect blend of relaxation and the vibrant energy of the city.
Location: Elephanta Island, Mumbai Harbour
A visit to the Elephanta Caves transports you back to ancient India. Located on Elephanta Island, about a 45-minute ferry ride from the Gateway of India, these rock-cut temples date back to the 5th to 8th centuries and are dedicated to Hindu deities, especially Lord Shiva. The intricate carvings, including the famous three-headed Shiva sculpture, are a testament to the artistic and spiritual heritage of India. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the caves offer a serene escape from the hustle of the city.
Location: Dargah Road, near Lala Lajpatrai Marg, Haji Ali, Mumbai
Perched on a small islet off the coast of Worli, the Haji Ali Dargah is a stunning example of Indo-Islamic architecture. Built in the 19th century, this mosque and tomb honor the Muslim saint Haji Ali and can only be reached via a causeway during low tide. The walk to the dargah, surrounded by the sea, creates a peaceful and spiritual experience. It’s not just a religious site but a symbol of Mumbai’s diverse culture, drawing visitors from all backgrounds to appreciate its serene beauty.
Location: 159-161, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kala Ghoda, Fort, Mumbai
Located in the heart of the city, this museum is one of India’s premier cultural institutions. The building itself is a stunning example of Indo-Saracenic architecture, with domes, balconies, and expansive courtyards. Inside, visitors can explore an extensive collection of artifacts, including sculptures, decorative arts, and exhibits on Indian history, art, and culture. For history buffs and art lovers, this museum offers a deep dive into India’s rich past, making it a must-visit when in Mumbai.
Location: Mount Mary, Bandra West, Mumbai
The Bandra-Worli Sea Link, stretching over 5.6 kilometers, is an engineering marvel and a modern symbol of Mumbai's rapid growth. This cable-stayed bridge connects the western suburbs to South Mumbai and offers breathtaking views of the city’s skyline and the Arabian Sea. A drive across the sea link, especially at night when the bridge is illuminated, is a memorable experience, blending the beauty of modern architecture with the vastness of the sea. It's a favorite spot for photographers and those looking to capture the essence of Mumbai's dynamic cityscape.
Haji Ali Dargah - © dailysabah
Mumbai is a food lover's paradise, offering a variety of iconic street foods that reflect the city's diverse culture. Must-try dishes include Vada Pav, a spicy potato fritter sandwich that's perfect for a quick snack, and Pav Bhaji, a rich vegetable mash served with buttery bread rolls. For those craving bold flavors, Pani Puri and Bhel Puri offer a burst of tangy, sweet, and spicy tastes, making them irresistible choices for visitors exploring the city's vibrant food scene.
Vada Pav - © Rutvi Mistry
Ganesh Chaturthi
Time of Year: August to September (dates vary based on the lunar calendar)
Ganesh Chaturthi is one of Mumbai's most vibrant festivals, celebrating the birth of Lord Ganesh. Over the course of ten days, the city transforms into a lively hub with huge Ganesh idols displayed in homes and public spaces. Streets are filled with music, dance, and joyful processions, culminating in the immersion of these idols in the sea. Visitors will be treated to elaborate decorations and the chance to taste traditional sweets like modaks, which are a festival highlight.
Diwali
Time of Year: October to November (dates vary based on the lunar calendar)
Known as the Festival of Lights, Diwali is a dazzling affair in Mumbai. The city glows with oil lamps, homes are adorned with colorful rangoli, and fireworks light up the night sky. The celebration symbolizes the victory of light over darkness, and visitors can indulge in festive sweets, shop for gifts, and soak in the warmth of the celebrations that take over the city streets.
Holi
Time of Year: March (dates vary based on the lunar calendar)
Holi, the Festival of Colors, brings Mumbai to life with a splash of vibrant hues. Participants celebrate by throwing colorful powders and water at one another, symbolizing joy and the arrival of spring. Music, dancing, and street food play a big role in this lively festival, with visitors encouraged to join in the fun and enjoy traditional treats like gujiya.
Kala Ghoda Arts Festival
Time of Year: Early February (dates vary)
The Kala Ghoda Arts Festival is a cultural showcase that brings together artists, performers, and food lovers for nine days of creativity. Set in the historic Kala Ghoda district, this festival features art exhibits, dance performances, workshops, and food stalls. Visitors can explore local crafts, enjoy live music, and dive into Mumbai’s rich artistic culture.
Gudi Padwa
Time of Year: March or April (dates vary based on the lunar calendar)
Marking the start of the Maharashtrian New Year, Gudi Padwa is celebrated with great enthusiasm. Locals hoist the Gudi (a decorated flagpole) outside their homes as a symbol of prosperity and victory. Traditional dishes and colorful rangoli designs are an integral part of the celebration. Visitors can enjoy the festive atmosphere, sample local delicacies, and witness the city’s vibrant cultural heritage.
Eid al-Fitr
Time of Year: Varies (based on the lunar calendar)
Eid al-Fitr marks the end of Ramadan, a month of fasting for Muslims. Mumbai comes alive with communal prayers, joyful celebrations, and festive meals. Areas like Mohammad Ali Road are particularly lively, with food stalls offering a delicious spread of traditional dishes. Visitors can immerse themselves in the bustling energy and savor the sweet and savory treats shared during this special time.
Ganesh Chaturthi - © arunachalobserver
Mumbai experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons, so understanding its weather patterns is key to planning your trip. Here's a breakdown of what to expect:
The ideal time to explore Mumbai is from November to February, when the weather is cooler, with mild temperatures and lower humidity, making outdoor activities enjoyable. Summers can be sweltering, and monsoons bring heavy downpours, which may disrupt travel plans.
Gateway of India - © gather
Bandra-Worli Sea Link - © gather
Mumbai offers a vibrant shopping scene that caters to a wide range of tastes and budgets. Here are some of the best shopping districts, markets, and stores, especially for local crafts and souvenirs:
Elephanta Caves - © gather
Public Transit
Taxis and Auto Rickshaws
Mumbai offers a wide variety of accommodations, from luxurious hotels to budget-friendly stays, catering to all kinds of travelers:
Luxury Hotels
Mid-Range Hotels
Budget Accommodations
Airport Hotels
Hide away in the gentle hills of Tochigi Prefecture, Mashiko is more than a stop on a map, it’s a living gallery of clay, craft, and community. Known worldwide for its Mashiko-yaki pottery, this charming rural town draws travelers seeking hands-on creativity and a slower pace of life. Here, kiln smoke curls into blue skies, and artisan shops spill treasures onto narrow streets. Only a few hours from Tokyo, Mashiko offers the perfect escape for lovers of traditional Japanese culture, authentic local food, and countryside landscapes.
Population: Approximately 22,000 in 2020.
Economy: Mashiko’s economy thrives on its renowned pottery industry, attracting both domestic and international buyers. Tourism plays a vital role, fueled by pottery fairs, local crafts, and cultural events.
Landmarks: Famous for the Mashiko Pottery Museum, Pottery Street, and the Saimyoji Temple.
Tucked away in the mountains of Gifu Prefecture, Shirakawa-go feels like a scene from an old Japanese folktale. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is famous for its gassho-zukuri farmhouses, wooden homes with steep thatched roofs designed to withstand heavy winter snow. Here, each season paints the village in new colors: spring blossoms, green summer paddies, golden autumn leaves, and glistening winter snow.
Population: Approximately 60,000 in 2020.
Economy: Shirakawa-go’s economy blends heritage preservation with sustainable tourism. While agriculture, especially rice farming, remains part of local life, tourism is now the main economic driver.
Landmarks: Famous for Ogimachi Village, Wada House, and Shiroyama Viewpoint.
Fuji-shi, or Fuji City, is a vibrant gateway to Japan’s most iconic peak, Mount Fuji. Located in Shizuoka Prefecture, this coastal city blends scenic beauty with rich traditions. From its bustling streets to the peaceful banks of the Fuji River, every corner offers a postcard-worthy view of the mountain. Just an hour from Tokyo by train, Fuji-shi is ideal for travelers seeking authentic Japanese city life with nature close at hand.
Population: Approximately 245,000 in 2019.
Economy: Fuji-shi is a major hub in Shizuoka Prefecture’s manufacturing sector, known for its paper and pulp production. The city also benefits from the logistics and transport industries due to its location along the Tōkaidō corridor.. Fishing at Tagonoura Port, tea production in nearby plantations, and tourism linked to Mount Fuji further diversify the local economy.
Landmarks: Famous for Mount Fuji viewing points, Fujisan Hongu Sengen Taisha Shrine, and Tanuki Lake.
Nestled in the far west of An Giang Province, Châu Đốc is where the Hậu River bends toward the Cambodian border. This riverside city is a blend of cultures, faiths, and flavors. Here, Vietnamese, Khmer, Cham, and Chinese communities live side by side, shaping a rich tapestry of daily life. For travelers, Châu Đốc offers more than stunning river views. It’s a city of floating markets, sacred temples, and bustling border trade.
Population: Approximately 100,000 in 2019.
Economy: Chau Doc’s economy thrives on cross-border trade, aquaculture, and agriculture, especially rice and fish farming. Tourism also plays a key role, fueled by its cultural diversity and proximity to Cambodia.
Landmarks: Famous for the Sam Mountain, Ba Chua Xu Temple, and the Chau Doc Floating Market.
Tucked away on the southeastern edge of Cat Ba Island, Lan Ha Bay is a dazzling mosaic of emerald waters, hidden beaches, and towering limestone karsts. Often called the “quiet sister” of Halong Bay, it offers the same breathtaking scenery without the tourist crowds. Here, over 300 islets and unspoiled coves create a paradise for kayakers, nature lovers, and those seeking authentic cultural encounters. This is where the rhythm of the sea shapes daily life, and where travelers can slow down to embrace Vietnam’s coastal charm.
Population: As a part of Ha Long Bay, Lan Ha Bay is home to a small population, primarily concentrated in Viet Hai village, which has a population of around 300 people.
Economy: Lan Ha Bay’s economy is closely tied to tourism, fishing, and aquaculture. The bay attracts visitors with its scenic beauty, supporting hotels, boat tours, and local services. Fishing and seafood farming, especially oysters and squid, provide income for coastal communities. Eco-tourism and sustainable aquaculture are increasingly promoted to balance economic growth with environmental protection.
Landmarks: Famous for the Monkey Island, Dark & Bright Cave, and the Nam Cat Island.
Hai Phong, known as the City of Red Flamboyant, blends coastal beauty, historical depth, and vibrant urban life. Sitting on Vietnam’s northeast coast, this dynamic port city opens the door to famous attractions like Cat Ba Island and Ha Long Bay. Stroll along tree-lined boulevards, admire French colonial architecture, or wander through bustling markets alive with local flavors.
Population: Approximately 2 million in 2022.
Economy: Hai Phong is one of Vietnam’s key economic hubs, driven by its strategic position as a major seaport in the north. The city’s economy thrives on shipping, logistics, shipbuilding, manufacturing, and fisheries. Tourism and hospitality also play a growing role, supported by Hải Phòng’s coastal attractions and cultural heritage.
Landmarks: Famous for the Ky Co Beach, Do Son Beach, and the Tam Bac Lake & Flower Street.